WASH in an emergency setting (Somalia)

The research investigated impact of WASH programs in emergency settings, specifically a case study of an IDP camp in Doolow Somalia. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, alongside secondary data analysis from reports by organizations working in the camp were utilized. Key findings reveal that 98% of Kabasa residents rely on groundwater sources, but high costs limit access. After management shifted from humanitarian organizations to local authorities, residents are charged 1,200 Somali Shillings (~€0.3) per 20L, with 55% unable to afford sufficient water. This forces many to collect unsafe water from the river, increasing health risks. Residents believe the local (host community) has taken control of resources intended for IDPs, potentially leading to conflict. Findings indicated that 51.4% of respondents rely on shared pit latrines, 39% use household latrines, 7% communal latrines, and 1.9% practice open defecation. Shared latrines are not gender-segregated, making women feel unsafe at night. Poor construction and lack of ownership contribute to inadequate maintenance, 52% of respondents reported that there are no handwashing facilities with soap near latrines. The Kabasa healthcare report indicates significant cases of acute diarrhea, with an average of 135 monthly cases in 2023, dropping to 63 in 2024. Unsafe water, poor hygiene, and unsanitary conditions contribute to these cases. Seasonal floods in 2023 damaged WASH facilities, exacerbating health issues in the camp. The study recommends strengthening community engagement, ensuring affordable water pricing, improving sanitation maintenance, implementing gender-sensitive latrine designs, and providing sanitation training to foster ownership among residents.