The use of a socio-ecological model in sanitation  (Indonesia)

On November 24, 2022, three children in the Pidie district of Aceh Province were identified as testing positive for poliomyelitis, with the poliovirus detected in the faeces of these children. This polio incident was subsequently referred to as an Extraordinary Event (KLB). The primary cause of the polio outbreak in the Pidie district is the lack of immunization for children, compounded by insufficient water and sanitation conditions in the area. Polio is one of the most lethal diseases for children. It has long-term consequences on a child’s life. The poliovirus spreads through the digestive system and was present in the Pidie community for a short period of time. There is still ongoing viral circulation, and the potential for transmission remains due to inadequate handling. From the polio case, it’s undeniable that mothers play a crucial role in the health of their children. Traditionally, mothers have taken on roles in household sanitation similar to caregivers, which includes disposing of children’s waste, collecting water, and being responsible for cleaning and maintaining toilets. Furthermore, a mother’s knowledge and attitude regarding WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) demonstrate that as the primary figure in household management and child care, she must be knowledgeable about drinking water and sanitation practices. Several studies align with this perspective, indicating that mothers have the potential to bring about changes in attitudes and behaviors related to water and sanitation within the family. They also occupy a central role in ensuring the health of their children.