The role of water user associations in sanitation (Malawi)

In Lilongwe in Malawi, Water Users Associations (WUAs) have a dual mandate of managing water and sanitation services. Despite this, their sanitation activities have remained relatively unknown. This study delved into their sanitation initiatives and the driving factors behind their involvement. Qualitative research methods, including interviews with WUAs, government officials, community leaders, and members, along with on-site observations, were employed. The study uncovered that WUAs are actively involved in constructing pit latrines, engaging in garbage collection, ensuring water point sanitation, and conducting community sensitization. However, the research also revealed a knowledge gap within WUAs concerning the broader concept of sanitation, leading to a narrow focus on specific activities. Monetary incentives significantly drive their participation in sanitation. Balancing affordability and accessibility in sanitation services emerged as a key challenge. This research exemplifies the intricacies of providing sanitation services in urban areas presenting a myriad of activities that can be challenging to harmonize effectively.