Sustainable centralized water reuse in Jakarta (Indonesia)

Water reuse is part of circular water management which is urgently needed to deal with the increasing demand and limited supply of water. Jakarta as the largest and most populous city in Indonesia faces problems of limited water, in term of quantity and quality. Water reuse is an alternative to overcome this problem. Water reuse scheme in Jakarta currently is limited for public park irrigation. Development of a sustainable water reuse scheme, drivers, and barriers in the future requires study. The results of this study indicate that in the short term the water reuse scheme in Jakarta can be expanded to serve business and commercial areas in the form of non-potable water use for public purposes. From the user’s point of view, the implementation of water reuse is driven by environmental awareness and water crisis. Water quality and price are the main barriers in expanding sustainable water reuse scheme in Jakarta. This study recommends technological support, further economic and financial analysis, as well as institutional intervention to support the implementation of water reuse and circular water management. This study also underlines the importance of public education and dissemination of information to gain public acceptance. This study contributes in infrastructure sustainability criteria, and provides recommendation for the development of a water reuse scheme in Jakarta.