Sustainability analysis of sanitation in slums (Indonesia)

Poor sanitation, dense population areas, and low income are some of the problems faced by Bima City in Indonesia. Bima has 33 areas indicated as slum settlements covering surface of 26.2 ha spread over 15 residential pockets and inhabited by more than 25,000 people. The area with a high slum level, one of which is in the West Rasanae District, is identified as being in a riverbank area. Special attention is needed in developing sanitation in specific areas. Analysis of the socio-culture and participation of the community in slum areas along the river is considered important in sustainable sanitation development. These three aspects were developed using the Integrated Framework for Sanitation Services (IFSS) framework which is a combination of public health ecology (structural, environmental, cultural, individual, and service aspects) with engineering ecology (acceptance, construction, utilization, maintenance, and safe wastewater treatment) through quantitative (household questionnaire) and qualitative (in- depth interviews). From the PCA analysis, two important components were obtained with eigenvalue >1 and each variable had a correlation variation of >0.45 and <-0.45. The first component has a positive correlation which is shown in the variable frequency of first use of the latrine and the perception of the latrine that is comfortable. This component has a high value on individual factors (cost constraints, priorities, and capabilities) and the surrounding environment. In the ongoing sanitation practice, socio-cultural factors such as family and neighbor relations, conflict, religion, adaptation to the location and disasters affect sanitation both at the construction stage to safe disposal.