Practices and challenges in FSM (Bangladesh)

The study has aimed to identify the current practices and challenges of faecal sludge management (FSM) in Khulna Railway slum area of Bangladesh. In addition, scoping for a business model with FSM in this study area is another objective. The findings could be used for proposing an effective FSM value chain with a sustainable financial model. The study finds that 39% of total latrines were constructed with septic tanks. Pit latrines are still dominating with 51% having 4 to 12 rings. Around 81% of the latrine outlets are connected with storm water drainage system or open space. As this study was conducted in slums, majority 47% used to use shared toilet (one toilet for 4 to 6 families) and 23% toilet used as own and rest of the 31% use community toilet. About 85% of containment is not totally accessible for mechanical emptying because this study area is situated beside a rail line. Only 4% septic tank and 12% pit have emptied 3 to 10 years respectively. But, it has been clearly stated in Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) that containment should be emptied at least once in a year. Manual emptying is popular over mechanical emptying due to its bureaucratic process. A new suitable business model for slum areas is proposed, addressing those issues, which comprises engaging private operators, access to funding, option for financial analysis of treatment plants and increased financial and technical capacities.