Influence of social cultural factors and latrine status on sanitation practices in rural areas (Kenya)

From the findings, 75% of residents in the study area adopted traditional pit latrines, some of which had no slabs, roofs, had tattered walls, flies and odor nuisances. Lack of knowledge and engagement of non-skilled masons facilitated construction of unimproved toilets. However, existing traditions and beliefs on witchcraft on faeces left in the open created fear of open defecation. Inadequate women involvement in sanitation decision-making increased women stresses of accessing unacceptable latrines which were abandoned for open defecation. Location of toilets far from households had an implication on women safety especially at night. The study recommended women inclusion in household sanitation matters and a review of sanitation policies to incorporate religious leaders as advocates of sanitation behavior change. To boost improved latrine adoption, ownership and use, the study recommended active surveillance and training at the household level coupled with a community-driven system where members come together and assist each other to construct good toilets. The CLTS practice should incorporate triggering exercises that not only targets open defecation but also enlightens residents on the dangers of adopting unimproved latrines. disposal.