Improving access to water and sanitation (Indonesia)

Along with population growth and increased economic activity, the use and management of water in life faces problems such as excessive exploitation of water, reducing the function of river watersheds (DAS) as water catchment areas, and increasing built-up space causing a reduction in green open space. River banks are often locations that give rise to slums caused by poor supervision and good urban governance arrangements by the government. The accumulation of all these activities is flooding, erosion, and a decrease in water quality and quantity. This problem occurs because until now there has been no strategy to increase access to clean water and sanitation in an integrated manner in water sensitive areas. Existing conditions based on Mayor Bima’s Decree of 2020 state that clean water service coverage has only reached 27% (PDAM, 2020), domestic wastewater management, the number of residents who have sanitation facilities is 75% with the use of cisterns around 25% and tanks. individual septic tank around 50% (PUPR, 2006). In line with this, through the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning, the number of drainage channels that have been built up to 2012 is 12,752 meters long. A sanitation management system that is not managed safely can have an impact on increasing pollution which will ultimately be dangerous for the environment and human health. Therefore, strategies are needed to increase access to clean water and sanitation risks that are seen based on the level of sanitation and type of particular area.