Groundwater exploitation and treatment study (India)

Water is one of the most fundamental natural resources and is essential for the survival of all living organisms. It is utilized for a variety of reasons, including home use, irrigation, and industrial applications. Population expansion, migration, increased urbanization, and industrialization all contribute to the rising water demand. Management of these resources must be improved immediately. India contains 17 percent of the world’s population and uses 4 percent of the world’s freshwater resources. This study analyses the problems associated with ground water exploitation and identifies household conservation techniques. Which involves a root cause analysis of household ground water exploitation, an analysis and impact research of household ground water exploitation, and the development of strategies to conserve household ground water. Chemical characteristics such as TDS and hardness caused by calcium ions were identified to be the primary source of ground water quality issues in the Madurai and Virudhunagar districts, according to the study. Based on the treatment procedures of ion exchange and reverse osmosis, a treatment plan was developed to treat ground water. A comparative analysis of the two treatment methods revealed that water softeners are preferable to reverse osmosis systems for treating hard water for middle- and lower-class families.