Greenhouse gas emission from the sanitation system of Surabaya (Indonesia)

Domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWWTP) in Surabaya, both individual and communal, are dominated by anaerobic treatment. Communal WWTPs in Surabaya such as landed house, rental flats, and restaurant have different conditions and anaerobic treatments so the potential for GHG emissions and the resulting environmental pollutants are also different. Therefore, in this study an analysis of the characteristics of domestic wastewater based on the type of treatment was carried out, to calculate the GHG emissions produced more specifically. Next, a strategy for improving sanitation services is formulated by considering the emissions produced and the pollutant load to the environment due to WWTP effluent. An emission inventory is carried out by analyzing and classifying the types of wastewater treatment in Surabaya. Then sampling was carried out at the 9 most representative WWTP locations for the calculation direct emission (methane and nitrous oxide emissions) with emission factors from the 2006 and 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defaults. Indirect emissions are also calculated from the use of pumps and the transportation of WWTP sludge to Sludge treatment process, Strategy formulation is carried out by considering the results of GHG emission calculations and the resulting environmental pollutant load.