FS treatment with an individual excreta isolator (IEI) (Nepal)

Faecal sludge management is one of the major problems of low-income countries like Nepal as the people are not fully aware about its management causing spread of various faecal-oral diseases. The challenge increases more as Nepal is one of the prone areas for natural disasters like flood, landslide, earthquake etc. and these disasters could spread diseases which could be communicable via faecal- oral route. The study concludes that the strong bases acts as better sterilizing and digesting agents than the strong acids to the human faeces and the use of Potassium hydroxide and Nitric acid to treat the faeces can enhance the nutrient content rather than treating with Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid. An optimum condition for composting could be meet by balancing the C:N ratio to 30:1 and moisture to 60% using rice straw as bulking agent maintain the active aeration and addition of decomposing microorganisms which could only require time period of 2-3 weeks to mature the compost feed. This could be the easiest, cheapest and effective treatment of human faeces with the option of resource recovery as compost, which could also help to meet the high demand of compost for agriculture in Nepal.