Factors influencing the management of shared sanitation in Nakuru Town West Slums (Kenya)

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 6.2 calls for adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, rapid urbanization in developing countries has led to the growth of slums, where access to private toilets is impractical. Thus, Shared Sanitation is an option to eradicate open defecation. The study investigated social-cultural and economic factors influencing management of shared sanitation in Nakuru Town’s west slums. The study used a descriptive survey research design to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was obtained using structured questionnaires from 288 household heads selected using cluster and proportionate simple random sampling techniques and 106 spot observational checklists. Qualitative data was collected using an interview guide from purposively selected key informants. The quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Qualitative findings were organized into themes and presented in narratives. From the findings, pit latrine was a commonly shared technology, accounting for 68.8%, and about 74.7% were poorly managed. The study established that level of education, marital status, social norms, and employment status were positively associated with the management of shared sanitation. The affordability, awareness of financial organizations, willingness to take loans, and membership in community groups were associated with a lower likelihood of managing shared sanitation. The study recommends implementation of interventions such as regular cleaning schedules, provision of handwashing facilities with soap, and proper waste management protocols. Additionally, Sanitation stakeholders should conduct more awareness campaigns tailored to specific social-cultural and economic contexts, which will be crucial in fostering positive behavioural change toward safe sanitation practices.