Factors affecting long-term adoption of improved sanitation through community-led total sanitation in Magarini Sub-County (Kenya) 

The burden of fecal-oral infections remains a pressing public health issue. A significant portion of the Kenyan population, approximately 5.6 million people, still practice open defecation, highlighting the need for effective sanitation interventions. The study sought to determine factors affecting the long-term adoption of improved sanitation through Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Magarini, Sub-County in Kilifi County. The objectives of this study were; to examine the demographic characteristics and social-economic factors contributing to long term adoption of improved sanitation through CLTS and to assess the available sanitation infrastructure that could lead to successful implementation of CLTS in Magarini Sub-County. The study involved collection of data through structured questionnaires from 388 household heads who were selected using stratified and proportionate simple random sampling techniques. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, which provided both descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the relationship between variables. Findings highlighted the critical roles of community cohesion, local leadership, cultural practices, and resource availability in CLTS approaches. Personal savings constituted 33.5% of funding sources, indicating strong commitment but posing sustainability challenges for lower-income groups. Agricultural products and livestock contributed 19.9%, subject to weather and market fluctuations. Furthermore, respondents’ locations and religious affiliations significantly correlated with CLTS participation. These findings underscored the need for targeted cultural oriented policies that consider the religious dynamics of the community. Community engagement could be critical for the long-term adoption of improved sanitation through CLTS. Further, diverse and sustainable funding strategies, including personal savings are essential for the long-term success of CLTS initiatives in the Sub-County.