Development of voluntary standards for FSM (The Netherlands)

Many research studies have investigated the challenges in the faecal sludge management (FSM). Poor coordination of stakeholders, lack of policies and weak governance structures are identified critical gaps in FSM, this has been complicated by an increase in the number of actors in service delivery, leading to the complexity of content, distortion of services and lack of sustainability. There is a growing need to deliver sustainable sanitation services enforced by the development of VSS for FSM by different stakeholders in the field. Although there are existing VSS in FSM, they are context-specific and not comprehensive enough for the FSM along the entire value chain. The aim of this study was to develop a framework for VSS in FSM, with particular focus on the capture and containment steps of the sanitation value chain. The research explored the relevance of existing standards, cross- cutting issues affecting FSM, and the solutions proposed through key informant interviews (KII’s) with various stakeholder groups. There was consensus on the disconnection between regulations and implementation/ practice. A framework for VSS in FSM was developed according to the identified problems and proposed solutions. This framework can be used a base for further initiation and development of VSS, relevant for the entire sanitation value chain. They have a potential to bridge the existing gaps by improved government regulations and coordination through stakeholders’ participation. They can also address social-cultural practices and create a conducive and enabling environment for FSM.