Container-based sanitation provision in informal settlements (Kenya)

This research explored the challenges and opportunities in container-based sanitation (CBS) service provision in informal settlements in cities. The attitudes and perceptions of the community on CBS; effects of social factors in CBS uptake and stakeholders CBS perspective and support were assessed. The study adopted descriptive survey research design that enabled collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires and interviews. The study results showed that CBS service provision was rated as most preferred sanitation technology by 92% and 60% among CBS and non-CBS households sampled. Although CBS was the most dominant sanitation technology option among the residents of Mukuru kwa Njenga, the following challenges needed to be addressed for realization of full- scale adoption; CBS cost reevaluation, structural improvement customized to users’ sanitation preferences and increased stakeholder’s involvement and partnerships. CBS is a very viable sanitation technology in the slum areas hence high potential for upscaling. The study therefore recommended that CBS upscaling should be tailored on the end users’ sanitation preference. Additionally, establishment of relevant sanitation partnerships is needed among the stakeholders.